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Þorfinnr "Karlsefni" Þórðarson
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Thorfinn Karlsefni (Old Norse: Þorfinnr Karlsefni, Icelandic: Þorfinnur Karlsefni), whose signifies "Makings of a man",〔For further discussion, see under #Nickname section below〕 was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010 AD, he followed Leif Eriksson's discovered route to Vinland (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, or perhaps further south), in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his passengers and crew.
==History==
Thorfinn's expeditions are documented in the ''Grœnlendinga saga'' ("Saga of the Greenlanders") and ''Eiríks saga rauða'' ("Saga of Eirik the Red"),〔Manuscripts of ''Eiríks saga rauða'' are indicated by the sigla: A=Hauksbok, B=AM 557=Skálholtsbók in 〕 which together are referred to as "The Vinland Sagas",〔, etc.〕 but the details are at considerable variance. According to ''Grl.'', Karlsefni left with 60 men and 5 women, trailing the path taken by Leif and Thorvald Eiriksson. Whereas ''Eir.'' he took three ships with 140 men aboard, describing the voyage in greater detail.〔 gives "hundred plus forty men" and "160 people", but has "var fjórir tigir manna annars hundraðs" with the reading of ".xl. manna ok .c. " (A, Hauksbok) footnoted〕
The finer details notwithstanding, ''Eir.'' (''Eiríks saga rauða'') distorts the facts by giving undue credit to Thorfinn.〔 "(Haukr Erlendsson) had special interest in ''Eirik's saga'', for he himself was descended from Thorfinn.. he inserted additional genealogical material into the text (Chapters 7 and 14) and made several slight alterations dessinged to add further lustre to his ancestor's fame."〕 For instance, it denies that Thorvald ever led his own voyage to reach Vinland (as ''Grl.'' records). In reality, Thorvald had already met his death by Indian arrows in Vinland even before Karlsefni disembarked, but ''Eir.'' delays Thorvald's death so he can be made to accompany Karlsefni to Vinland, ultimately to suffer a more fantastical death from a shot fired by a Uniped. ''Eir.'' shifts over to Karlsefni the credit for naming numerous bits of geographic features, from Helluland and Markland to Kjalarnes "Keel Ness", though "this flatly contradicts the ''Grœnlendinga saga'' and is assuredly wrong." Helluland (Baffin Island) and Markland were named by Leif; Kjalarness was where Thorvald had wrecked his ship, and the keel was left to stand as a monument,〔; 〕 and not an anonymous shipwreck as ''Eir.'' puts it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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